kirin: to do, to make
ئەم پەڕەیە ئێستا بە ئینگلیزییە.
| infinitive | kirin (کرن) /kɪɾɯn/ |
|---|---|
| meaning | to do, to make |
| present stem | k |
| past stem | kir |
| transitivity | transitive, ergative in past tenses |
Present-stem forms
| person | pronoun | Present | Present negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | dikim دکم /dɪkɯm/ | nakim ناکم /naːkɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | dikî دکی /dɪkiː/ | nakî ناکی /naːkiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | dike دکە /dɪkɛ/ | nake ناکە /naːkɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | dikin دکن /dɪkɯn/ | nakin ناکن /naːkɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | dikin دکن /dɪkɯn/ | nakin ناکن /naːkɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | dikin دکن /dɪkɯn/ | nakin ناکن /naːkɯn/ |
Subjunctive
| person | pronoun | Subjunctive | Subjunctive negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | bikim بکم /bɪkɯm/ | nekim نەکم /nɛkɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | bikî بکی /bɪkiː/ | nekî نەکی /nɛkiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | bike بکە /bɪkɛ/ | neke نەکە /nɛkɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | bikin بکن /bɪkɯn/ | nekin نەکن /nɛkɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bikin بکن /bɪkɯn/ | nekin نەکن /nɛkɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | bikin بکن /bɪkɯn/ | nekin نەکن /nɛkɯn/ |
Simple past
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Simple past | Past negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | kirim کرم /kɪɾɯm/ | nekirim نەکرم /nɛkɪɾɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | kirî کری /kɪɾiː/ | nekirî نەکری /nɛkɪɾiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | kir کر /kɪɾ/ | nekir نەکر /nɛkɯɾ/ |
| 1pl | me | em | kirin کرن /kɪɾɯn/ | nekirin نەکرن /nɛkɪɾɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | kirin کرن /kɪɾɯn/ | nekirin نەکرن /nɛkɪɾɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | kirin کرن /kɪɾɯn/ | nekirin نەکرن /nɛkɪɾɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Past progressive
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Past progressive | Past progressive negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | dikirim دکرم /dɪkɪɾɯm/ | nedikirim نەدکرم /nɛdɪkɪɾɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | dikirî دکری /dɪkɪɾiː/ | nedikirî نەدکری /nɛdɪkɪɾiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | dikir دکر /dɪkɯɾ/ | nedikir نەدکر /nɛdɪkɯɾ/ |
| 1pl | me | em | dikirin دکرن /dɪkɪɾɯn/ | nedikirin نەدکرن /nɛdɪkɪɾɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | dikirin دکرن /dɪkɪɾɯn/ | nedikirin نەدکرن /nɛdɪkɪɾɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | dikirin دکرن /dɪkɪɾɯn/ | nedikirin نەدکرن /nɛdɪkɪɾɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Perfect tenses
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Present perfect | Past perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | kirime کرمە /kɪɾɪmɛ/ | kiribûm کربووم /kɪɾɪbuːm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | kiriyî کریی /kɪɾɪjiː/ | kiribûyî کربوویی /kɪɾɪbuːjiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | kiriye کریە /kɪɾɪjɛ/ | kiribû کربوو /kɪɾɪbuː/ |
| 1pl | me | em | kirine کرنە /kɪɾɪnɛ/ | kiribûn کربوون /kɪɾɪbuːn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | kirine کرنە /kɪɾɪnɛ/ | kiribûn کربوون /kɪɾɪbuːn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | kirine کرنە /kɪɾɪnɛ/ | kiribûn کربوون /kɪɾɪbuːn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Imperative
| person | pronoun | Imperative | Prohibitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2sg | tu | bike بکە /bɪkɛ/ | neke نەکە /nɛkɛ/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bikin بکن /bɪkɯn/ | nekin نەکن /nɛkɯn/ |
Other forms
| form | Kurdish | Arabic script |
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | kirin | کرن |
| past participle | kirî | کری |