xistin: to drop, to make fall, to put
| infinitive | xistin (خستن) /xɪstɯn/ |
|---|---|
| meaning | to drop, to make fall, to put |
| present stem | x |
| past stem | xist |
| transitivity | transitive, ergative in past tenses |
Present-stem forms
| person | pronoun | Present | Present negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | dixim دخم /dɪxɯm/ | naxim ناخم /naːxɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | dixî دخی /dɪxiː/ | naxî ناخی /naːxiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | dixe دخە /dɪxɛ/ | naxe ناخە /naːxɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | dixin دخن /dɪxɯn/ | naxin ناخن /naːxɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | dixin دخن /dɪxɯn/ | naxin ناخن /naːxɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | dixin دخن /dɪxɯn/ | naxin ناخن /naːxɯn/ |
Subjunctive
| person | pronoun | Subjunctive | Subjunctive negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | bixim بخم /bɪxɯm/ | nexim نەخم /nɛxɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | bixî بخی /bɪxiː/ | nexî نەخی /nɛxiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | bixe بخە /bɪxɛ/ | nexe نەخە /nɛxɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | bixin بخن /bɪxɯn/ | nexin نەخن /nɛxɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bixin بخن /bɪxɯn/ | nexin نەخن /nɛxɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | bixin بخن /bɪxɯn/ | nexin نەخن /nɛxɯn/ |
Simple past
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Simple past | Past negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | xistim خستم /xɪstɯm/ | nexistim نەخستم /nɛxɪstɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | xistî خستی /xɪstiː/ | nexistî نەخستی /nɛxɪstiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | xist خست /xɪst/ | nexist نەخست /nɛxɯst/ |
| 1pl | me | em | xistin خستن /xɪstɯn/ | nexistin نەخستن /nɛxɪstɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | xistin خستن /xɪstɯn/ | nexistin نەخستن /nɛxɪstɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | xistin خستن /xɪstɯn/ | nexistin نەخستن /nɛxɪstɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Past progressive
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Past progressive | Past progressive negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | dixistim دخستم /dɪxɪstɯm/ | nedixistim نەدخستم /nɛdɪxɪstɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | dixistî دخستی /dɪxɪstiː/ | nedixistî نەدخستی /nɛdɪxɪstiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | dixist دخست /dɪxɯst/ | nedixist نەدخست /nɛdɪxɯst/ |
| 1pl | me | em | dixistin دخستن /dɪxɪstɯn/ | nedixistin نەدخستن /nɛdɪxɪstɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | dixistin دخستن /dɪxɪstɯn/ | nedixistin نەدخستن /nɛdɪxɪstɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | dixistin دخستن /dɪxɪstɯn/ | nedixistin نەدخستن /nɛdɪxɪstɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Perfect tenses
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Present perfect | Past perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | xistime خستمە /xɪstɪmɛ/ | xistibûm خستبووم /xɪstɪbuːm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | xistiyî خستیی /xɪstɪjiː/ | xistibûyî خستبوویی /xɪstɪbuːjiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | xistiye خستیە /xɪstɪjɛ/ | xistibû خستبوو /xɪstɪbuː/ |
| 1pl | me | em | xistine خستنە /xɪstɪnɛ/ | xistibûn خستبوون /xɪstɪbuːn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | xistine خستنە /xɪstɪnɛ/ | xistibûn خستبوون /xɪstɪbuːn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | xistine خستنە /xɪstɪnɛ/ | xistibûn خستبوون /xɪstɪbuːn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Imperative
| person | pronoun | Imperative | Prohibitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2sg | tu | bixe بخە /bɪxɛ/ | nexe نەخە /nɛxɛ/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bixin بخن /bɪxɯn/ | nexin نەخن /nɛxɯn/ |
Other forms
| form | Kurdish | Arabic script |
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | xistin | خستن |
| past participle | xistî | خستی |