vexwarin: to drink
| infinitive | vexwarin (ڤەخوارن) /vɛxʷaːɾɯn/ |
|---|---|
| meaning | to drink |
| present stem | xw |
| past stem | xwar |
| transitivity | transitive, ergative in past tenses |
| preverb | ve |
Present-stem forms
| person | pronoun | Present | Present negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | vedixwim ڤەدخوم /vɛdɪxʷɯm/ | venaxwim ڤەناخوم /vɛnaːxʷɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | vedixwî ڤەدخوی /vɛdɪxʷiː/ | venaxwî ڤەناخوی /vɛnaːxʷiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | vedixwe ڤەدخوە /vɛdɪxʷɛ/ | venaxwe ڤەناخوە /vɛnaːxʷɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | vedixwin ڤەدخون /vɛdɪxʷɯn/ | venaxwin ڤەناخون /vɛnaːxʷɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | vedixwin ڤەدخون /vɛdɪxʷɯn/ | venaxwin ڤەناخون /vɛnaːxʷɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | vedixwin ڤەدخون /vɛdɪxʷɯn/ | venaxwin ڤەناخون /vɛnaːxʷɯn/ |
Subjunctive
| person | pronoun | Subjunctive | Subjunctive negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | vexwim ڤەخوم /vɛxʷɯm/ | venexwim ڤەنەخوم /vɛnɛxʷɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | vexwî ڤەخوی /vɛxʷiː/ | venexwî ڤەنەخوی /vɛnɛxʷiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | vexwe ڤەخوە /vɛxʷɛ/ | venexwe ڤەنەخوە /vɛnɛxʷɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | vexwin ڤەخون /vɛxʷɯn/ | venexwin ڤەنەخون /vɛnɛxʷɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | vexwin ڤەخون /vɛxʷɯn/ | venexwin ڤەنەخون /vɛnɛxʷɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | vexwin ڤەخون /vɛxʷɯn/ | venexwin ڤەنەخون /vɛnɛxʷɯn/ |
Simple past
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Simple past | Past negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | vexwarim ڤەخوارم /vɛxʷaːɾɯm/ | venexwarim ڤەنەخوارم /vɛnɛxʷaːɾɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | vexwarî ڤەخواری /vɛxʷaːɾiː/ | venexwarî ڤەنەخواری /vɛnɛxʷaːɾiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | vexwar ڤەخوار /vɛxʷaːɾ/ | venexwar ڤەنەخوار /vɛnɛxʷaːɾ/ |
| 1pl | me | em | vexwarin ڤەخوارن /vɛxʷaːɾɯn/ | venexwarin ڤەنەخوارن /vɛnɛxʷaːɾɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | vexwarin ڤەخوارن /vɛxʷaːɾɯn/ | venexwarin ڤەنەخوارن /vɛnɛxʷaːɾɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | vexwarin ڤەخوارن /vɛxʷaːɾɯn/ | venexwarin ڤەنەخوارن /vɛnɛxʷaːɾɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Past progressive
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Past progressive | Past progressive negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | vedixwarim ڤەدخوارم /vɛdɪxʷaːɾɯm/ | venedixwarim ڤەنەدخوارم /vɛnɛdɪxʷaːɾɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | vedixwarî ڤەدخواری /vɛdɪxʷaːɾiː/ | venedixwarî ڤەنەدخواری /vɛnɛdɪxʷaːɾiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | vedixwar ڤەدخوار /vɛdɪxʷaːɾ/ | venedixwar ڤەنەدخوار /vɛnɛdɪxʷaːɾ/ |
| 1pl | me | em | vedixwarin ڤەدخوارن /vɛdɪxʷaːɾɯn/ | venedixwarin ڤەنەدخوارن /vɛnɛdɪxʷaːɾɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | vedixwarin ڤەدخوارن /vɛdɪxʷaːɾɯn/ | venedixwarin ڤەنەدخوارن /vɛnɛdɪxʷaːɾɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | vedixwarin ڤەدخوارن /vɛdɪxʷaːɾɯn/ | venedixwarin ڤەنەدخوارن /vɛnɛdɪxʷaːɾɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Perfect tenses
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Present perfect | Past perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | vexwarime ڤەخوارمە /vɛxʷaːɾɪmɛ/ | vexwaribûm ڤەخواربووم /vɛxʷaːɾɪbuːm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | vexwariyî ڤەخواریی /vɛxʷaːɾɪjiː/ | vexwaribûyî ڤەخواربوویی /vɛxʷaːɾɪbuːjiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | vexwariye ڤەخواریە /vɛxʷaːɾɪjɛ/ | vexwaribû ڤەخواربوو /vɛxʷaːɾɪbuː/ |
| 1pl | me | em | vexwarine ڤەخوارنە /vɛxʷaːɾɪnɛ/ | vexwaribûn ڤەخواربوون /vɛxʷaːɾɪbuːn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | vexwarine ڤەخوارنە /vɛxʷaːɾɪnɛ/ | vexwaribûn ڤەخواربوون /vɛxʷaːɾɪbuːn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | vexwarine ڤەخوارنە /vɛxʷaːɾɪnɛ/ | vexwaribûn ڤەخواربوون /vɛxʷaːɾɪbuːn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Imperative
| person | pronoun | Imperative | Prohibitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2sg | tu | vexwe ڤەخوە /vɛxʷɛ/ | venexwe ڤەنەخوە /vɛnɛxʷɛ/ |
| 2pl | hûn | vexwin ڤەخون /vɛxʷɯn/ | venexwin ڤەنەخون /vɛnɛxʷɯn/ |
Other forms
| form | Kurdish | Arabic script |
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | vexwarin | ڤەخوارن |
| past participle | vexwarî | ڤەخواری |