girtin: to take, to catch, to hold
| infinitive | girtin (گرتن) /ɡɪɾtɯn/ |
|---|---|
| meaning | to take, to catch, to hold |
| present stem | gir |
| past stem | girt |
| transitivity | transitive, ergative in past tenses |
Present-stem forms
| person | pronoun | Present | Present negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | digirim دگرم /dɪɡɪɾɯm/ | nagirim ناگرم /naːɡɪɾɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | digirî دگری /dɪɡɪɾiː/ | nagirî ناگری /naːɡɪɾiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | digire دگرە /dɪɡɪɾɛ/ | nagire ناگرە /naːɡɪɾɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | digirin دگرن /dɪɡɪɾɯn/ | nagirin ناگرن /naːɡɪɾɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | digirin دگرن /dɪɡɪɾɯn/ | nagirin ناگرن /naːɡɪɾɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | digirin دگرن /dɪɡɪɾɯn/ | nagirin ناگرن /naːɡɪɾɯn/ |
Subjunctive
| person | pronoun | Subjunctive | Subjunctive negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | bigirim بگرم /bɪɡɪɾɯm/ | negirim نەگرم /nɛɡɪɾɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | bigirî بگری /bɪɡɪɾiː/ | negirî نەگری /nɛɡɪɾiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | bigire بگرە /bɪɡɪɾɛ/ | negire نەگرە /nɛɡɪɾɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | bigirin بگرن /bɪɡɪɾɯn/ | negirin نەگرن /nɛɡɪɾɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bigirin بگرن /bɪɡɪɾɯn/ | negirin نەگرن /nɛɡɪɾɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | bigirin بگرن /bɪɡɪɾɯn/ | negirin نەگرن /nɛɡɪɾɯn/ |
Simple past
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Simple past | Past negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | girtim گرتم /ɡɪɾtɯm/ | negirtim نەگرتم /nɛɡɪɾtɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | girtî گرتی /ɡɪɾtiː/ | negirtî نەگرتی /nɛɡɪɾtiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | girt گرت /ɡɪɾt/ | negirt نەگرت /nɛɡɯɾt/ |
| 1pl | me | em | girtin گرتن /ɡɪɾtɯn/ | negirtin نەگرتن /nɛɡɪɾtɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | girtin گرتن /ɡɪɾtɯn/ | negirtin نەگرتن /nɛɡɪɾtɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | girtin گرتن /ɡɪɾtɯn/ | negirtin نەگرتن /nɛɡɪɾtɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Past progressive
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Past progressive | Past progressive negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | digirtim دگرتم /dɪɡɪɾtɯm/ | nedigirtim نەدگرتم /nɛdɪɡɪɾtɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | digirtî دگرتی /dɪɡɪɾtiː/ | nedigirtî نەدگرتی /nɛdɪɡɪɾtiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | digirt دگرت /dɪɡɯɾt/ | nedigirt نەدگرت /nɛdɪɡɯɾt/ |
| 1pl | me | em | digirtin دگرتن /dɪɡɪɾtɯn/ | nedigirtin نەدگرتن /nɛdɪɡɪɾtɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | digirtin دگرتن /dɪɡɪɾtɯn/ | nedigirtin نەدگرتن /nɛdɪɡɪɾtɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | digirtin دگرتن /dɪɡɪɾtɯn/ | nedigirtin نەدگرتن /nɛdɪɡɪɾtɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Perfect tenses
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Present perfect | Past perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | girtime گرتمە /ɡɪɾtɪmɛ/ | girtibûm گرتبووم /ɡɪɾtɪbuːm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | girtiyî گرتیی /ɡɪɾtɪjiː/ | girtibûyî گرتبوویی /ɡɪɾtɪbuːjiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | girtiye گرتیە /ɡɪɾtɪjɛ/ | girtibû گرتبوو /ɡɪɾtɪbuː/ |
| 1pl | me | em | girtine گرتنە /ɡɪɾtɪnɛ/ | girtibûn گرتبوون /ɡɪɾtɪbuːn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | girtine گرتنە /ɡɪɾtɪnɛ/ | girtibûn گرتبوون /ɡɪɾtɪbuːn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | girtine گرتنە /ɡɪɾtɪnɛ/ | girtibûn گرتبوون /ɡɪɾtɪbuːn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Imperative
| person | pronoun | Imperative | Prohibitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2sg | tu | bigire بگرە /bɪɡɪɾɛ/ | negire نەگرە /nɛɡɪɾɛ/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bigirin بگرن /bɪɡɪɾɯn/ | negirin نەگرن /nɛɡɪɾɯn/ |
Other forms
| form | Kurdish | Arabic script |
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | girtin | گرتن |
| past participle | girtî | گرتی |