xwestin: to want
Ev rûpel niha bi îngilîzî ye.
| infinitive | xwestin (خوەستن) /xʷɛstɯn/ |
|---|---|
| meaning | to want |
| present stem | xwaz |
| past stem | xwest |
| transitivity | transitive, ergative in past tenses |
Present-stem forms
| person | pronoun | Present | Present negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | dixwazim دخوازم /dɪxʷaːzɯm/ | naxwazim ناخوازم /naːxʷaːzɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | dixwazî دخوازی /dɪxʷaːziː/ | naxwazî ناخوازی /naːxʷaːziː/ |
| 3sg | ew | dixwaze دخوازە /dɪxʷaːzɛ/ | naxwaze ناخوازە /naːxʷaːzɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | dixwazin دخوازن /dɪxʷaːzɯn/ | naxwazin ناخوازن /naːxʷaːzɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | dixwazin دخوازن /dɪxʷaːzɯn/ | naxwazin ناخوازن /naːxʷaːzɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | dixwazin دخوازن /dɪxʷaːzɯn/ | naxwazin ناخوازن /naːxʷaːzɯn/ |
Subjunctive
| person | pronoun | Subjunctive | Subjunctive negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | bixwazim بخوازم /bɪxʷaːzɯm/ | nexwazim نەخوازم /nɛxʷaːzɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | bixwazî بخوازی /bɪxʷaːziː/ | nexwazî نەخوازی /nɛxʷaːziː/ |
| 3sg | ew | bixwaze بخوازە /bɪxʷaːzɛ/ | nexwaze نەخوازە /nɛxʷaːzɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | bixwazin بخوازن /bɪxʷaːzɯn/ | nexwazin نەخوازن /nɛxʷaːzɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bixwazin بخوازن /bɪxʷaːzɯn/ | nexwazin نەخوازن /nɛxʷaːzɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | bixwazin بخوازن /bɪxʷaːzɯn/ | nexwazin نەخوازن /nɛxʷaːzɯn/ |
Simple past
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Simple past | Past negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | xwestim خوەستم /xʷɛstɯm/ | nexwestim نەخوەستم /nɛxʷɛstɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | xwestî خوەستی /xʷɛstiː/ | nexwestî نەخوەستی /nɛxʷɛstiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | xwest خوەست /xʷɛst/ | nexwest نەخوەست /nɛxʷɛst/ |
| 1pl | me | em | xwestin خوەستن /xʷɛstɯn/ | nexwestin نەخوەستن /nɛxʷɛstɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | xwestin خوەستن /xʷɛstɯn/ | nexwestin نەخوەستن /nɛxʷɛstɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | xwestin خوەستن /xʷɛstɯn/ | nexwestin نەخوەستن /nɛxʷɛstɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Past progressive
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Past progressive | Past progressive negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | dixwestim دخوەستم /dɪxʷɛstɯm/ | nedixwestim نەدخوەستم /nɛdɪxʷɛstɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | dixwestî دخوەستی /dɪxʷɛstiː/ | nedixwestî نەدخوەستی /nɛdɪxʷɛstiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | dixwest دخوەست /dɪxʷɛst/ | nedixwest نەدخوەست /nɛdɪxʷɛst/ |
| 1pl | me | em | dixwestin دخوەستن /dɪxʷɛstɯn/ | nedixwestin نەدخوەستن /nɛdɪxʷɛstɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | dixwestin دخوەستن /dɪxʷɛstɯn/ | nedixwestin نەدخوەستن /nɛdɪxʷɛstɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | dixwestin دخوەستن /dɪxʷɛstɯn/ | nedixwestin نەدخوەستن /nɛdɪxʷɛstɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Perfect tenses
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Present perfect | Past perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | xwestime خوەستمە /xʷɛstɪmɛ/ | xwestibûm خوەستبووم /xʷɛstɪbuːm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | xwestiyî خوەستیی /xʷɛstɪjiː/ | xwestibûyî خوەستبوویی /xʷɛstɪbuːjiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | xwestiye خوەستیە /xʷɛstɪjɛ/ | xwestibû خوەستبوو /xʷɛstɪbuː/ |
| 1pl | me | em | xwestine خوەستنە /xʷɛstɪnɛ/ | xwestibûn خوەستبوون /xʷɛstɪbuːn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | xwestine خوەستنە /xʷɛstɪnɛ/ | xwestibûn خوەستبوون /xʷɛstɪbuːn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | xwestine خوەستنە /xʷɛstɪnɛ/ | xwestibûn خوەستبوون /xʷɛstɪbuːn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Imperative
| person | pronoun | Imperative | Prohibitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2sg | tu | bixwaze بخوازە /bɪxʷaːzɛ/ | nexwaze نەخوازە /nɛxʷaːzɛ/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bixwazin بخوازن /bɪxʷaːzɯn/ | nexwazin نەخوازن /nɛxʷaːzɯn/ |
Other forms
| form | Kurdish | Arabic script |
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | xwestin | خوەستن |
| past participle | xwestî | خوەستی |