xwarin: to eat
Ev rûpel niha bi îngilîzî ye.
| infinitive | xwarin (خوارن) /xʷaːɾɯn/ |
|---|---|
| meaning | to eat |
| present stem | xw |
| past stem | xwar |
| transitivity | transitive, ergative in past tenses |
Present-stem forms
| person | pronoun | Present | Present negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | dixwim دخوم /dɪxʷɯm/ | naxwim ناخوم /naːxʷɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | dixwî دخوی /dɪxʷiː/ | naxwî ناخوی /naːxʷiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | dixwe دخوە /dɪxʷɛ/ | naxwe ناخوە /naːxʷɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | dixwin دخون /dɪxʷɯn/ | naxwin ناخون /naːxʷɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | dixwin دخون /dɪxʷɯn/ | naxwin ناخون /naːxʷɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | dixwin دخون /dɪxʷɯn/ | naxwin ناخون /naːxʷɯn/ |
Subjunctive
| person | pronoun | Subjunctive | Subjunctive negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | bixwim بخوم /bɪxʷɯm/ | nexwim نەخوم /nɛxʷɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | bixwî بخوی /bɪxʷiː/ | nexwî نەخوی /nɛxʷiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | bixwe بخوە /bɪxʷɛ/ | nexwe نەخوە /nɛxʷɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | bixwin بخون /bɪxʷɯn/ | nexwin نەخون /nɛxʷɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bixwin بخون /bɪxʷɯn/ | nexwin نەخون /nɛxʷɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | bixwin بخون /bɪxʷɯn/ | nexwin نەخون /nɛxʷɯn/ |
Simple past
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Simple past | Past negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | xwarim خوارم /xʷaːɾɯm/ | nexwarim نەخوارم /nɛxʷaːɾɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | xwarî خواری /xʷaːɾiː/ | nexwarî نەخواری /nɛxʷaːɾiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | xwar خوار /xʷaːɾ/ | nexwar نەخوار /nɛxʷaːɾ/ |
| 1pl | me | em | xwarin خوارن /xʷaːɾɯn/ | nexwarin نەخوارن /nɛxʷaːɾɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | xwarin خوارن /xʷaːɾɯn/ | nexwarin نەخوارن /nɛxʷaːɾɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | xwarin خوارن /xʷaːɾɯn/ | nexwarin نەخوارن /nɛxʷaːɾɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Past progressive
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Past progressive | Past progressive negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | dixwarim دخوارم /dɪxʷaːɾɯm/ | nedixwarim نەدخوارم /nɛdɪxʷaːɾɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | dixwarî دخواری /dɪxʷaːɾiː/ | nedixwarî نەدخواری /nɛdɪxʷaːɾiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | dixwar دخوار /dɪxʷaːɾ/ | nedixwar نەدخوار /nɛdɪxʷaːɾ/ |
| 1pl | me | em | dixwarin دخوارن /dɪxʷaːɾɯn/ | nedixwarin نەدخوارن /nɛdɪxʷaːɾɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | dixwarin دخوارن /dɪxʷaːɾɯn/ | nedixwarin نەدخوارن /nɛdɪxʷaːɾɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | dixwarin دخوارن /dɪxʷaːɾɯn/ | nedixwarin نەدخوارن /nɛdɪxʷaːɾɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Perfect tenses
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Present perfect | Past perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | xwarime خوارمە /xʷaːɾɪmɛ/ | xwaribûm خواربووم /xʷaːɾɪbuːm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | xwariyî خواریی /xʷaːɾɪjiː/ | xwaribûyî خواربوویی /xʷaːɾɪbuːjiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | xwariye خواریە /xʷaːɾɪjɛ/ | xwaribû خواربوو /xʷaːɾɪbuː/ |
| 1pl | me | em | xwarine خوارنە /xʷaːɾɪnɛ/ | xwaribûn خواربوون /xʷaːɾɪbuːn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | xwarine خوارنە /xʷaːɾɪnɛ/ | xwaribûn خواربوون /xʷaːɾɪbuːn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | xwarine خوارنە /xʷaːɾɪnɛ/ | xwaribûn خواربوون /xʷaːɾɪbuːn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Imperative
| person | pronoun | Imperative | Prohibitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2sg | tu | bixwe بخوە /bɪxʷɛ/ | nexwe نەخوە /nɛxʷɛ/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bixwin بخون /bɪxʷɯn/ | nexwin نەخون /nɛxʷɯn/ |
Other forms
| form | Kurdish | Arabic script |
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | xwarin | خوارن |
| past participle | xwarî | خواری |