spartin:
Ev rûpel niha bi îngilîzî ye.
| infinitive | spartin (سپارتن) /spaːɾtɯn/ |
|---|---|
| meaning | to entrust |
| present stem | spêr |
| past stem | spart |
| transitivity | transitive, ergative in past tenses |
Present-stem forms
| person | pronoun | Present | Present negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | dispêrim دسپێرم /dɪspeːɾɯm/ | naspêrim ناسپێرم /naːspeːɾɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | dispêrî دسپێری /dɪspeːɾiː/ | naspêrî ناسپێری /naːspeːɾiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | dispêre دسپێرە /dɪspeːɾɛ/ | naspêre ناسپێرە /naːspeːɾɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | dispêrin دسپێرن /dɪspeːɾɯn/ | naspêrin ناسپێرن /naːspeːɾɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | dispêrin دسپێرن /dɪspeːɾɯn/ | naspêrin ناسپێرن /naːspeːɾɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | dispêrin دسپێرن /dɪspeːɾɯn/ | naspêrin ناسپێرن /naːspeːɾɯn/ |
Subjunctive
| person | pronoun | Subjunctive | Subjunctive negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | bispêrim بسپێرم /bɪspeːɾɯm/ | nespêrim نەسپێرم /nɛspeːɾɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | bispêrî بسپێری /bɪspeːɾiː/ | nespêrî نەسپێری /nɛspeːɾiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | bispêre بسپێرە /bɪspeːɾɛ/ | nespêre نەسپێرە /nɛspeːɾɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | bispêrin بسپێرن /bɪspeːɾɯn/ | nespêrin نەسپێرن /nɛspeːɾɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bispêrin بسپێرن /bɪspeːɾɯn/ | nespêrin نەسپێرن /nɛspeːɾɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | bispêrin بسپێرن /bɪspeːɾɯn/ | nespêrin نەسپێرن /nɛspeːɾɯn/ |
Simple past
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Simple past | Past negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | spartim سپارتم /spaːɾtɯm/ | nespartim نەسپارتم /nɛspaːɾtɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | spartî سپارتی /spaːɾtiː/ | nespartî نەسپارتی /nɛspaːɾtiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | spart سپارت /spaːɾt/ | nespart نەسپارت /nɛspaːɾt/ |
| 1pl | me | em | spartin سپارتن /spaːɾtɯn/ | nespartin نەسپارتن /nɛspaːɾtɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | spartin سپارتن /spaːɾtɯn/ | nespartin نەسپارتن /nɛspaːɾtɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | spartin سپارتن /spaːɾtɯn/ | nespartin نەسپارتن /nɛspaːɾtɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Past progressive
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Past progressive | Past progressive negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | dispartim دسپارتم /dɪspaːɾtɯm/ | nedispartim نەدسپارتم /nɛdɪspaːɾtɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | dispartî دسپارتی /dɪspaːɾtiː/ | nedispartî نەدسپارتی /nɛdɪspaːɾtiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | dispart دسپارت /dɪspaːɾt/ | nedispart نەدسپارت /nɛdɪspaːɾt/ |
| 1pl | me | em | dispartin دسپارتن /dɪspaːɾtɯn/ | nedispartin نەدسپارتن /nɛdɪspaːɾtɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | dispartin دسپارتن /dɪspaːɾtɯn/ | nedispartin نەدسپارتن /nɛdɪspaːɾtɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | dispartin دسپارتن /dɪspaːɾtɯn/ | nedispartin نەدسپارتن /nɛdɪspaːɾtɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Perfect tenses
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Present perfect | Past perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | spartime سپارتمە /spaːɾtɪmɛ/ | spartibûm سپارتبووم /spaːɾtɪbuːm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | spartiyî سپارتیی /spaːɾtɪjiː/ | spartibûyî سپارتبوویی /spaːɾtɪbuːjiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | spartiye سپارتیە /spaːɾtɪjɛ/ | spartibû سپارتبوو /spaːɾtɪbuː/ |
| 1pl | me | em | spartine سپارتنە /spaːɾtɪnɛ/ | spartibûn سپارتبوون /spaːɾtɪbuːn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | spartine سپارتنە /spaːɾtɪnɛ/ | spartibûn سپارتبوون /spaːɾtɪbuːn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | spartine سپارتنە /spaːɾtɪnɛ/ | spartibûn سپارتبوون /spaːɾtɪbuːn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Imperative
| person | pronoun | Imperative | Prohibitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2sg | tu | bispêre بسپێرە /bɪspeːɾɛ/ | nespêre نەسپێرە /nɛspeːɾɛ/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bispêrin بسپێرن /bɪspeːɾɯn/ | nespêrin نەسپێرن /nɛspeːɾɯn/ |
Other forms
| form | Kurdish | Arabic script |
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | spartin | سپارتن |
| past participle | spartî | سپارتی |