kuştin: to kill
Ev rûpel niha bi îngilîzî ye.
| infinitive | kuştin (کوشتن) /kʊʃtɯn/ |
|---|---|
| meaning | to kill |
| present stem | kuj |
| past stem | kuşt |
| transitivity | transitive, ergative in past tenses |
Present-stem forms
| person | pronoun | Present | Present negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | dikujim دکوژم /dɪkʊʒɯm/ | nakujim ناکوژم /naːkʊʒɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | dikujî دکوژی /dɪkʊʒiː/ | nakujî ناکوژی /naːkʊʒiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | dikuje دکوژە /dɪkʊʒɛ/ | nakuje ناکوژە /naːkʊʒɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | dikujin دکوژن /dɪkʊʒɯn/ | nakujin ناکوژن /naːkʊʒɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | dikujin دکوژن /dɪkʊʒɯn/ | nakujin ناکوژن /naːkʊʒɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | dikujin دکوژن /dɪkʊʒɯn/ | nakujin ناکوژن /naːkʊʒɯn/ |
Subjunctive
| person | pronoun | Subjunctive | Subjunctive negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | bikujim بکوژم /bɪkʊʒɯm/ | nekujim نەکوژم /nɛkʊʒɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | bikujî بکوژی /bɪkʊʒiː/ | nekujî نەکوژی /nɛkʊʒiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | bikuje بکوژە /bɪkʊʒɛ/ | nekuje نەکوژە /nɛkʊʒɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | bikujin بکوژن /bɪkʊʒɯn/ | nekujin نەکوژن /nɛkʊʒɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bikujin بکوژن /bɪkʊʒɯn/ | nekujin نەکوژن /nɛkʊʒɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | bikujin بکوژن /bɪkʊʒɯn/ | nekujin نەکوژن /nɛkʊʒɯn/ |
Simple past
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Simple past | Past negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | kuştim کوشتم /kʊʃtɯm/ | nekuştim نەکوشتم /nɛkʊʃtɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | kuştî کوشتی /kʊʃtiː/ | nekuştî نەکوشتی /nɛkʊʃtiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | kuşt کوشت /kʊʃt/ | nekuşt نەکوشت /nɛkʊʃt/ |
| 1pl | me | em | kuştin کوشتن /kʊʃtɯn/ | nekuştin نەکوشتن /nɛkʊʃtɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | kuştin کوشتن /kʊʃtɯn/ | nekuştin نەکوشتن /nɛkʊʃtɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | kuştin کوشتن /kʊʃtɯn/ | nekuştin نەکوشتن /nɛkʊʃtɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Past progressive
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Past progressive | Past progressive negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | dikuştim دکوشتم /dɪkʊʃtɯm/ | nedikuştim نەدکوشتم /nɛdɪkʊʃtɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | dikuştî دکوشتی /dɪkʊʃtiː/ | nedikuştî نەدکوشتی /nɛdɪkʊʃtiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | dikuşt دکوشت /dɪkʊʃt/ | nedikuşt نەدکوشت /nɛdɪkʊʃt/ |
| 1pl | me | em | dikuştin دکوشتن /dɪkʊʃtɯn/ | nedikuştin نەدکوشتن /nɛdɪkʊʃtɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | dikuştin دکوشتن /dɪkʊʃtɯn/ | nedikuştin نەدکوشتن /nɛdɪkʊʃtɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | dikuştin دکوشتن /dɪkʊʃtɯn/ | nedikuştin نەدکوشتن /nɛdɪkʊʃtɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Perfect tenses
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Present perfect | Past perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | kuştime کوشتمە /kʊʃtɪmɛ/ | kuştibûm کوشتبووم /kʊʃtɪbuːm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | kuştiyî کوشتیی /kʊʃtɪjiː/ | kuştibûyî کوشتبوویی /kʊʃtɪbuːjiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | kuştiye کوشتیە /kʊʃtɪjɛ/ | kuştibû کوشتبوو /kʊʃtɪbuː/ |
| 1pl | me | em | kuştine کوشتنە /kʊʃtɪnɛ/ | kuştibûn کوشتبوون /kʊʃtɪbuːn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | kuştine کوشتنە /kʊʃtɪnɛ/ | kuştibûn کوشتبوون /kʊʃtɪbuːn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | kuştine کوشتنە /kʊʃtɪnɛ/ | kuştibûn کوشتبوون /kʊʃtɪbuːn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Imperative
| person | pronoun | Imperative | Prohibitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2sg | tu | bikuje بکوژە /bɪkʊʒɛ/ | nekuje نەکوژە /nɛkʊʒɛ/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bikujin بکوژن /bɪkʊʒɯn/ | nekujin نەکوژن /nɛkʊʒɯn/ |
Other forms
| form | Kurdish | Arabic script |
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | kuştin | کوشتن |
| past participle | kuştî | کوشتی |