gotin: to say
Ev rûpel niha bi îngilîzî ye.
| infinitive | gotin (گۆتن) /ɡoːtɯn/ |
|---|---|
| meaning | to say |
| present stem | bêj |
| past stem | got |
| transitivity | transitive, ergative in past tenses |
Present-stem forms
| person | pronoun | Present | Present negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | dibêjim دبێژم /dɪbeːʒɯm/ | nabêjim نابێژم /naːbeːʒɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | dibêjî دبێژی /dɪbeːʒiː/ | nabêjî نابێژی /naːbeːʒiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | dibêje دبێژە /dɪbeːʒɛ/ | nabêje نابێژە /naːbeːʒɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | dibêjin دبێژن /dɪbeːʒɯn/ | nabêjin نابێژن /naːbeːʒɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | dibêjin دبێژن /dɪbeːʒɯn/ | nabêjin نابێژن /naːbeːʒɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | dibêjin دبێژن /dɪbeːʒɯn/ | nabêjin نابێژن /naːbeːʒɯn/ |
Subjunctive
| person | pronoun | Subjunctive | Subjunctive negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | bibêjim ببێژم /bɪbeːʒɯm/ | nebêjim نەبێژم /nɛbeːʒɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | bibêjî ببێژی /bɪbeːʒiː/ | nebêjî نەبێژی /nɛbeːʒiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | bibêje ببێژە /bɪbeːʒɛ/ | nebêje نەبێژە /nɛbeːʒɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | bibêjin ببێژن /bɪbeːʒɯn/ | nebêjin نەبێژن /nɛbeːʒɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bibêjin ببێژن /bɪbeːʒɯn/ | nebêjin نەبێژن /nɛbeːʒɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | bibêjin ببێژن /bɪbeːʒɯn/ | nebêjin نەبێژن /nɛbeːʒɯn/ |
Simple past
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Simple past | Past negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | gotim گۆتم /ɡoːtɯm/ | negotim نەگۆتم /nɛɡoːtɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | gotî گۆتی /ɡoːtiː/ | negotî نەگۆتی /nɛɡoːtiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | got گۆت /ɡoːt/ | negot نەگۆت /nɛɡoːt/ |
| 1pl | me | em | gotin گۆتن /ɡoːtɯn/ | negotin نەگۆتن /nɛɡoːtɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | gotin گۆتن /ɡoːtɯn/ | negotin نەگۆتن /nɛɡoːtɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | gotin گۆتن /ɡoːtɯn/ | negotin نەگۆتن /nɛɡoːtɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Past progressive
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Past progressive | Past progressive negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | digotim دگۆتم /dɪɡoːtɯm/ | nedigotim نەدگۆتم /nɛdɪɡoːtɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | digotî دگۆتی /dɪɡoːtiː/ | nedigotî نەدگۆتی /nɛdɪɡoːtiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | digot دگۆت /dɪɡoːt/ | nedigot نەدگۆت /nɛdɪɡoːt/ |
| 1pl | me | em | digotin دگۆتن /dɪɡoːtɯn/ | nedigotin نەدگۆتن /nɛdɪɡoːtɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | digotin دگۆتن /dɪɡoːtɯn/ | nedigotin نەدگۆتن /nɛdɪɡoːtɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | digotin دگۆتن /dɪɡoːtɯn/ | nedigotin نەدگۆتن /nɛdɪɡoːtɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Perfect tenses
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Present perfect | Past perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | gotime گۆتمە /ɡoːtɪmɛ/ | gotibûm گۆتبووم /ɡoːtɪbuːm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | gotiyî گۆتیی /ɡoːtɪjiː/ | gotibûyî گۆتبوویی /ɡoːtɪbuːjiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | gotiye گۆتیە /ɡoːtɪjɛ/ | gotibû گۆتبوو /ɡoːtɪbuː/ |
| 1pl | me | em | gotine گۆتنە /ɡoːtɪnɛ/ | gotibûn گۆتبوون /ɡoːtɪbuːn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | gotine گۆتنە /ɡoːtɪnɛ/ | gotibûn گۆتبوون /ɡoːtɪbuːn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | gotine گۆتنە /ɡoːtɪnɛ/ | gotibûn گۆتبوون /ɡoːtɪbuːn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Imperative
| person | pronoun | Imperative | Prohibitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2sg | tu | bibêje ببێژە /bɪbeːʒɛ/ | nebêje نەبێژە /nɛbeːʒɛ/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bibêjin ببێژن /bɪbeːʒɯn/ | nebêjin نەبێژن /nɛbeːʒɯn/ |
Other forms
| form | Kurdish | Arabic script |
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | gotin | گۆتن |
| past participle | gotî | گۆتی |