dan: to give
Ev rûpel niha bi îngilîzî ye.
| infinitive | dan (دان) /daːn/ |
|---|---|
| meaning | to give |
| present stem | d |
| past stem | da |
| transitivity | transitive, ergative in past tenses |
Present-stem forms
| person | pronoun | Present | Present negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | didim ددم /dɪdɯm/ | nadim نادم /naːdɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | didî ددی /dɪdiː/ | nadî نادی /naːdiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | dide ددە /dɪdɛ/ | nade نادە /naːdɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | didin ددن /dɪdɯn/ | nadin نادن /naːdɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | didin ددن /dɪdɯn/ | nadin نادن /naːdɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | didin ددن /dɪdɯn/ | nadin نادن /naːdɯn/ |
Subjunctive
| person | pronoun | Subjunctive | Subjunctive negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | bidim بدم /bɪdɯm/ | nedim نەدم /nɛdɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | bidî بدی /bɪdiː/ | nedî نەدی /nɛdiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | bide بدە /bɪdɛ/ | nede نەدە /nɛdɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | bidin بدن /bɪdɯn/ | nedin نەدن /nɛdɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bidin بدن /bɪdɯn/ | nedin نەدن /nɛdɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | bidin بدن /bɪdɯn/ | nedin نەدن /nɛdɯn/ |
Simple past
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Simple past | Past negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | dam دام /daːm/ | nedam نەدام /nɛdaːm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | dayî دایی /daːjiː/ | nedayî نەدایی /nɛdaːjiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | da دا /daː/ | neda نەدا /nɛdaː/ |
| 1pl | me | em | dan دان /daːn/ | nedan نەدان /nɛdaːn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | dan دان /daːn/ | nedan نەدان /nɛdaːn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | dan دان /daːn/ | nedan نەدان /nɛdaːn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Past progressive
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Past progressive | Past progressive negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | didam ددام /dɪdaːm/ | nedidam نەددام /nɛdɪdaːm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | didayî ددایی /dɪdaːjiː/ | nedidayî نەددایی /nɛdɪdaːjiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | dida ددا /dɪdaː/ | nedida نەددا /nɛdɪdaː/ |
| 1pl | me | em | didan ددان /dɪdaːn/ | nedidan نەددان /nɛdɪdaːn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | didan ددان /dɪdaːn/ | nedidan نەددان /nɛdɪdaːn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | didan ددان /dɪdaːn/ | nedidan نەددان /nɛdɪdaːn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Perfect tenses
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Present perfect | Past perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | dame دامە /daːmɛ/ | dabûm دابووم /daːbuːm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | dayî دایی /daːjiː/ | dabûyî دابوویی /daːbuːjiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | daye دایە /daːjɛ/ | dabû دابوو /daːbuː/ |
| 1pl | me | em | dane دانە /daːnɛ/ | dabûn دابوون /daːbuːn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | dane دانە /daːnɛ/ | dabûn دابوون /daːbuːn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | dane دانە /daːnɛ/ | dabûn دابوون /daːbuːn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Imperative
| person | pronoun | Imperative | Prohibitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2sg | tu | bide بدە /bɪdɛ/ | nede نەدە /nɛdɛ/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bidin بدن /bɪdɯn/ | nedin نەدن /nɛdɯn/ |
Other forms
| form | Kurdish | Arabic script |
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | dan | دان |
| past participle | dayî | دایی |