birin: to take (away), to carry
Ev rûpel niha bi îngilîzî ye.
| infinitive | birin (برن) /bɪɾɯn/ |
|---|---|
| meaning | to take (away), to carry |
| present stem | b |
| past stem | bir |
| transitivity | transitive, ergative in past tenses |
Present-stem forms
| person | pronoun | Present | Present negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | dibim دبم /dɪbɯm/ | nabim نابم /naːbɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | dibî دبی /dɪbiː/ | nabî نابی /naːbiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | dibe دبە /dɪbɛ/ | nabe نابە /naːbɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | dibin دبن /dɪbɯn/ | nabin نابن /naːbɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | dibin دبن /dɪbɯn/ | nabin نابن /naːbɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | dibin دبن /dɪbɯn/ | nabin نابن /naːbɯn/ |
Subjunctive
| person | pronoun | Subjunctive | Subjunctive negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | ez | bibim ببم /bɪbɯm/ | nebim نەبم /nɛbɯm/ |
| 2sg | tu | bibî ببی /bɪbiː/ | nebî نەبی /nɛbiː/ |
| 3sg | ew | bibe ببە /bɪbɛ/ | nebe نەبە /nɛbɛ/ |
| 1pl | em | bibin ببن /bɪbɯn/ | nebin نەبن /nɛbɯn/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bibin ببن /bɪbɯn/ | nebin نەبن /nɛbɯn/ |
| 3pl | ew | bibin ببن /bɪbɯn/ | nebin نەبن /nɛbɯn/ |
Simple past
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Simple past | Past negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | birim برم /bɪɾɯm/ | nebirim نەبرم /nɛbɪɾɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | birî بری /bɪɾiː/ | nebirî نەبری /nɛbɪɾiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | bir بر /bɪɾ/ | nebir نەبر /nɛbɯɾ/ |
| 1pl | me | em | birin برن /bɪɾɯn/ | nebirin نەبرن /nɛbɪɾɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | birin برن /bɪɾɯn/ | nebirin نەبرن /nɛbɪɾɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | birin برن /bɪɾɯn/ | nebirin نەبرن /nɛbɪɾɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Past progressive
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Past progressive | Past progressive negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | dibirim دبرم /dɪbɪɾɯm/ | nedibirim نەدبرم /nɛdɪbɪɾɯm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | dibirî دبری /dɪbɪɾiː/ | nedibirî نەدبری /nɛdɪbɪɾiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | dibir دبر /dɪbɯɾ/ | nedibir نەدبر /nɛdɪbɯɾ/ |
| 1pl | me | em | dibirin دبرن /dɪbɪɾɯn/ | nedibirin نەدبرن /nɛdɪbɪɾɯn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | dibirin دبرن /dɪbɪɾɯn/ | nedibirin نەدبرن /nɛdɪbɪɾɯn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | dibirin دبرن /dɪbɪɾɯn/ | nedibirin نەدبرن /nɛdɪbɪɾɯn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Perfect tenses
| person | agent (oblique) | object (direct) | Present perfect | Past perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | ez | birime برمە /bɪɾɪmɛ/ | biribûm بربووم /bɪɾɪbuːm/ |
| 2sg | te | tu | biriyî بریی /bɪɾɪjiː/ | biribûyî بربوویی /bɪɾɪbuːjiː/ |
| 3sg | wî / wê | ew | biriye بریە /bɪɾɪjɛ/ | biribû بربوو /bɪɾɪbuː/ |
| 1pl | me | em | birine برنە /bɪɾɪnɛ/ | biribûn بربوون /bɪɾɪbuːn/ |
| 2pl | we | hûn | birine برنە /bɪɾɪnɛ/ | biribûn بربوون /bɪɾɪbuːn/ |
| 3pl | wan | ew | birine برنە /bɪɾɪnɛ/ | biribûn بربوون /bɪɾɪbuːn/ |
Past tenses of a transitive verb are ergative: the agent is oblique and the verb agrees with the object (the object column), e.g. min tu dîtî "I saw you".
Imperative
| person | pronoun | Imperative | Prohibitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2sg | tu | bibe ببە /bɪbɛ/ | nebe نەبە /nɛbɛ/ |
| 2pl | hûn | bibin ببن /bɪbɯn/ | nebin نەبن /nɛbɯn/ |
Other forms
| form | Kurdish | Arabic script |
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | birin | برن |
| past participle | birî | بری |